![]() This process was complicated, but by 1918 all sides on the Western Front could break through enemy positions thanks to a CAW built around the infantry on foot. During the First World War, the armies on the Western Front developed a basic concept for CAW for four years, as Jonathan Bailey points out. ![]() Throughout the 20th century, armies constantly had to adapt to the harsh realities of the battlefield, a highly competitive environment in which attack and defence continuously tried to outdo each other with new weapons and tactics. Although it’s a part of warfare since warfare exists, most military historians see the First World War as a turning point and a major change that laid the foundations for contemporary CAW, as Jonathan Bailey confirms with his definition of what he calls modern warfare: “ the advent of three-dimensional conflict through artillery indirect fire as the foundation of planning at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels of war”. CAW is often a joint event-joint being an “ Adjective used to describe activities, operations and organisations in which elements of at least two services participate.” because it involves, more often than not, elements of air and/or navy forces who then generate effects to support the land forces. Electronic Warfare and synchronisation with the Combat Service Support-manning, arming, fixing, fueling, moving, and sustaining-are integral to it. CAW has proved crucial in many wars and conflicts, both in classic operations-such as in Ukraine-and special operations, counter-insurgency, asymmetric warfare or low-intensity conflicts. ![]() Instead of seeing this as the final bankruptcy of tanks, this text argues that a partial solution to the Russian tactical problems can be found in the proper implementation of CAW, being “ the synchronised and simultaneous application of arms to achieve an effect greater than if each element was used separately or sequentially”. ![]() In the first weeks of the war, social media were awash with spectacular footage of exploding Russian tanks and armoured vehicles, often after being hit by anti-tank missiles such as the Javelin or NLAW. The poor performance of the Russian Armed Forces in Ukraine shows once again that high-intensity land operations are incredibly complex undertakings. ![]()
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